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长途大巴 • 阅读主题 - 更新世(公元前180万年-公元前1万年)的人类社会特性

更新世(公元前180万年-公元前1万年)的人类社会特性

更新世(公元前180万年-公元前1万年)的人类社会特性

帖子yijun 在 08 Oct 2008, 22:49

[url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003293]Dynamics of Alliance Formation and the Egalitarian Revolution[/url]
[url=http://www.physorg.com/news142249135.html]Egalitarian revolution in the Pleistocene?[/url]
哺乳动物群体,如土狼、猫鼬、海豚,成员之间会结盟以增加统治地位、获得配偶和其它资源的权利。在人科动物(除了人类外,包括所有灭绝的人类近亲及猩猩)中,结盟和政治活动尤其普遍,这就是社会生物学家Frans de Waal所称“黑猩猩政治学”。人科动物社会等级严格;与之相反的是,多数狩猎收集者社会则是平等的,领导权力很弱,仅仅是为了在作出决定时帮助达成一致。人类学家认为平等社会的权力结构呈现倒金字塔形。那么,独特的人类是何时从等级社会转变到平等社会的?进化生物学家认为是在更新世(公元前180万年-公元前1万年)的某一时期,人类占据了生态优势,戏剧性的改变了自然选择。同一群体内部成员之间的竞争成为进化的主要因素。更聪明的成员能利用其他人成员,达到更高的社会地位,留下更多的后代,他们拥有父母的更大脑容量和更高智能的基因。群体的社会互动和联盟在某一点上会让体质弱小的成员获得成功,并战胜那些长期以来霸占最高地位的强大个体,于是平等社会就诞生了。科学家用计算机模型对某些猿类的研究发现,母系群体更容易组成平等社会。
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