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One of the most important things of physics is expediency.
the notion of particle is just such a kind of expediency, wave too.
At first, let's see what does the word particle means?
what is classical particle?
when we talk about a particle in classical syntax, we don't means the exist of such things like a point. It means that we can describe the object's state like that: it's position at space-time, it's momentum, it's energy, have it's determinate value, although we need a reference system at meantime.
are there classical particles at atom scale?
The discrete quantity:
the discover of electron: measurement of e/m & e of electron.
It means that if we measure the charge of electrons, we get a discrete quantity. Then, we designate electron as a particle. This is the only reason that we name an electron a particle!
The energy of radiation:
Plank: oscillator of black body
Einstein: absorbing of radiation
The structure of atom:
Rutherford scattering experiment=>the geometry of atom
Light spectrums-->the necessity of quantization of electromagnetic field
Bohr: energy levels
The spectrum of atom:
why we use the notion of particle?
classical particle->quantum particle: change the description of the state of a physical object.
1.The way to the concept of "quantum particle":
2.How to describe a quantum object?
states
The End: Toward the Quantum Theory of Field.
Why relativistic wave mechanics is wrong?